Other plasma variables like lactate, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, and beta-hydroxybutyrate were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, LPS administrations did not notably affect post-challenge metabolic responses in periparturient dairy

cows but increased the level of plasma cortisol and the body temperature after the highest LPS challenge. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Cardiovascular diseases, defined as diseases of the heart and circulatory system are the main cause of mortality, morbidity and hospitalisation in women all over Europe. Evaluation of descriptive epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in the European women cannot ignore the extraordinary changes in the economic and political profile of the continent that occurred in the past 20 years. A keynote is requested by the knowledge that the Eastern female populations see more currently appear to be the less protected from cardiovascular disease (CVD; both coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke) and its risk factors and require major efforts in public health for both primary prevention and risk factors and events treatment. Another important piece of information is that the traditional geographical

differences in CHD indicating an advantage of Southern European women in comparison with other European ones is less selleck inhibitor evident than in the past, owing to the levelling off regarding the differences in risk factors associated click here lifestyles. The figures for prevalence of epidemic risk factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, high blood pressure and cholesterol levels indicate an urgent need to implement public health interest as well as investments on the whole spectrum of CVD manifestations in terms of risk factors and events. (C) 2010 Elsevier

B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The essential oil isolated from the resin of Aucoumea klaineana Pierre (Burseraceae) by Hydrodistillation was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and combined Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The analysis led to the identification of 28 components. This oil contained mainly monoterpenoids (96.06%) in which p-acetyl anisole is the single benzenic compound (0.18%). The predominant constituents in the essential oil were -3-carene (72.31%), p-cymene (3.76%), limonene (4.04%), terpinolene (6.28%) and -terpineol (4.34%). The essential oil showed antioxidant and weak DPPH radical scavenging activities and it displayed the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.”
“The application of gold and silver nanoparticles to areas such as medical research, is based on optical properties which are a direct consequence of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurring at visible frequencies. The exact frequency of the SPR can be “”tuned”" by varying the relative concentrations of gold and silver within an alloy nanoparticle.

Conclusion Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and antifibrinolysis remain at high levels, whereas the platelet activation remains at low levels during early pregnancy.”
“We investigated hygienic behavior in 10 colonies of Plebeia remota, using the pin-killed method. After 24 h the bees had removed a mean of 69.6% of the dead brood. After 48 h, the bees had removed a mean of 96.4% of the dead brood. No significant correlation was found between the size of the brood comb and the number of dead pupae removed, and there was no apparent effect of the origin and the condition of the colony on the hygienic

behavior of the bees. Plebeia remota has an efficiency of hygienic behavior superior to that of three AZD1480 mw learn more of the other four stingless bee species studied until now.”
“We perform classical molecular dynamics simulations based on the Tersoff interatomic potential to investigate the size and surface orientation dependence of lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient of one-dimensional silicon nanostructures. Three different surface orientations of silicon are considered, i.e., Si(110), Si(111), and Si(100) with 2×1 reconstruction. For each surface orientation, we investigate nanostructures with thicknesses

ranging from 0.3 to 5.0 nm. We compute the vibrational amplitude of surface atoms, lattice constant, and thermal expansion coefficient as a function of size and temperature, and compare them for different surface orientations. An analytical expression is developed to compute the variation of the thermal expansion coefficient with size of the nanostructure.”
“Introduction Warfarin is used for the treatment of thromboembolic disease. It requires careful and sustained monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic AZD2014 molecular weight index and potentially life-threatening complications. Patient education and knowledge is, therefore, vital.

Aims To assess, in a specialised anticoagulation clinic, the extent of patients’ knowledge of their warfarin treatment.

Methods Ethical approval was obtained. All patients, aged over 18

years, attending our anticoagulation clinic during our study period were asked to participate.

Results We enrolled 181 patients, 47.9% of respondents were unaware of any potential drug interactions, 57.7% of patients were unaware of any potential side effects, 20% of patients had experienced side effects, 10.9% of patients had been hospitalised due to side effects, 58% of which were due to Haemorrhage and 79% of patients kept a personal record of their INR.

Conclusions Patients’ understanding of warfarin treatment was poor, despite their high level of compliance.”
“Gabapentin enacarbil is a prodrug of the anticonvulsant gabapentin. The efficacy and safety of gabapentin enacarbil for the treatment of moderate to severe primary restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been evaluated in several clinical trials in the United States and Japan.

The results indicated that incorporation of ZT in the aqueous phase of submicron emulsion was effective for rapid intranasal delivery of drug to blood and brain, which would offer patients the benefits of rapid relief from migraine.”
“Flavonoids are secondary metabolites involved in several aspects of plant development and defence. They colour fruits and flowers, favouring seed and pollen dispersal, and contribute https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bx-795.html to plant adaptation to environmental conditions such as cold or UV stresses, and pathogen attacks. Because

they affect the quality of flowers (for horticulture), fruits and vegetables, and their derivatives (colour, aroma, stringency, etc.), flavonoids have a high economic value. Furthermore, these compounds possess pharmaceutical

properties extremely attractive for human health. Thanks to easily detectable mutant phenotypes, such as modification of petal pigmentation and seeds exhibiting transparent testa, the enzymes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway have been characterized in several plant species. Conserved features as well as specific differences have been described. Regulation of structural gene expression appears tightly organized in a spatial and temporal way during plant development, and is orchestrated by a ternary complex involving transcription factors from the R2R3-MYB, basic helix-loop-helix Selleck ACY-738 (bHLH), and WD40 classes. This MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex regulates the genes that encode enzymes specifically involved in the late steps of the pathway leading to the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and condensed tannins. Although

several genes encoding transcription click here factors from these three families have been identified, many gaps remain in our understanding of the regulation of this biosynthetic pathway, especially about the respective roles of bHLH and WD40 proteins. A better knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of the flavonoid pathway is likely to favour the development of new biotechnological tools for the generation of value-added plants with optimized flavonoid content.”
“Rocha MJ, Ferreira S, Martins LS, Almeida M, Dias L, Pedroso S, Henriques AC, Almeida R, Cabrita A. Cost analysis of renal replacement therapy by transplant in a system of bundled payment of dialysis.

Abstract: Renal replacement therapies (RRT) for patients with end-stage renal failure represent a high burden on European countries’ healthcare budget. Our purpose was to report and compare the costs of RRT by hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) and renal transplantation (RT) after introduction of a bundled payment system of dialysis. We analyzed average annual cost of RT in a public national health system hospital surgical/anesthesiologist team and material, induction and maintenance immunosuppression therapy, hospital stay, diagnostic examinations (DE), and post-transplant office visits (including DE).

Conifer pit aspiration can have major influences on Cavitron measurements and lead to an overestimation of vulnerability thresholds when a small rotor is used. Thus, the conifer method presented here enables

correct vulnerability analysis by avoiding artificial conductivity losses.”
“Garnet films have been grown over (100)-oriented substituted gadolinium gallium garnet substrates partially populated with gold nanoparticles in order to study plasmon resonance enhancement of magneto-optic effects. The results of measurements of light transmission through these films as well as Faraday rotation are reported. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3553944]“
“Recent reports suggest that early sensing of soil water stress by plant roots and the concomitant reduction in stomatal

conductance may not be Selonsertib mediated by root-sourced abscisic acid (ABA), but that other xylem-borne chemicals may be the primary stress signal(s). To gain more insight into the role of root-sourced ABA, the timing and location of the expression of genes for key enzymes involved in ABA biosynthesis in Zea mays roots was measured and a comprehensive analysis of root xylem sap constituents from the early to the later stages of water stress was conducted. Xylem sap and roots were sampled from plants at an early stage of water stress when only a reduction in leaf conductance was measured, AZD8931 price as well as at later stages when leaf xylem pressure potential decreased. It was found that the majority of ABA biosynthetic genes examined were only significantly expressed in the elongation region of roots at a later stage of water stress. Apart from ABA, sulphate was the only xylem-borne chemical that consistently showed significantly

higher concentrations from the early to the later stages of stress. Moreover, there was an interactive effect of ABA and sulphate in decreasing maize transpiration rate and Vicia faba stomatal aperture, as compared to ABA alone. The check details expression of a sulphate transporter gene was also analysed and it was found that it had increased in the elongation region of roots from the early to the later stages of water stress. Our results support the suggestion that in the early stage of water stress, increased levels of ABA in xylem sap may not be due to root biosynthesis, ABA glucose ester catabolism or pH-mediated redistribution, but may be due to shoot biosynthesis and translocation to the roots. The analysis of xylem sap mineral content and bioassays indicate that the anti-transpirant effect of the ABA reaching the stomata at the early stages of water stress may be enhanced by the increased concentrations of sulphate in the xylem which is also transported from the roots to the leaves.”
“Nanocomposite formation, through the incorporation of high aspect ratio nanoparticles, has been proven to enhance the dielectric properties of thermoplastic polymers, when the mitigation of internal charges and the nature of the interfacial regions are properly adjusted.

RESULTS: selleck There were 272 participants in the study: 91 in Group 1, 92 in Group 2 and 89 in Group 3. At the end of the first month, 128 of the 272 subjects (47.1%) succeeded in quitting: 17 (18.7%) in Group 1, 60 (65.2%) in Group 2 and 51(57.3%) in Group 3 (P = 0.000). At follow-up after 12 months, 58 subjects (21.3%) remained smoke-free, of whom

6 (6.6%) were in Group 1, 23 (25%) in Group 2 and 29 (32.6%) in Group 3 (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSION: In the study, varenicline treatment was slightly more effective than but not significantly different from nicotine replacement therapy.”
“Only 40 cases of primary cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma (GD-TCL) have been described. GD-TCL was included as a provisional entity in the WHO-EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas in 2005.

GD-TCL often failed to respond to polychemotherapy and radiation therapy and have a poor prognosis with a mean survival of only 15 months. We present a patient treated with surgery, immunomodulatory therapy, and

polychemotherapy. He then received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and has been in complete remission since. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation appears to be a promising therapeutic option for aggressive and generally fatal lymphomas like GD-TCL.”
“Objective: Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized BKM120 inhibitor by systemic intravascular inflammation. Women who develop PE are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in later life. Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has anti-atherosclerotic effects in endothelial cells and can mediate neutrophil apoptosis. Low soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and high C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular

disease in non-pregnant individuals. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal plasma concentrations of sTRAIL and CRP differ between women with PE and those with uncomplicated pregnancies.

Method: This cross-sectional study included women with an uncomplicated pregnancy (n=93) and those with PE (n=52). Maternal Rapamycin cost plasma concentrations of sTRAIL and CRP concentrations were determined by ELISA.

Results: 1) The median plasma sTRAIL concentration (pg/mL) was significantly lower and the median plasma CRP concentration was significantly higher in women with PE than in those with an uncomplicated pregnancy (25.55 versus 29.17; p=0.03 and 8.0 versus 4.1; p=0.001, respectively); 2) the median plasma concentration sTRAIL/CRP ratio was two-fold lower in women with PE than in those with an uncomplicated pregnancy (p<0.001); and 3) women with plasma sTRAIL and CRP ratio in the lowest quartile were 8 times more likely to have PE than women with concentrations in the upper three quartiles (OR 8.9; 95% CI: 2.8-27.8).

The cervical lesion was treated with a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Her past surgical history is remarkable for cholecystectomy and a left breast biopsy with benign results.

Social history: Noncontributory.

Family history: Noncontributory.

Physical exam: The patient harbored a firm, nontender, fully mobile 2-to 3-cm left parotid tail mass without other abnormalities; her facial nerve function was intact in all branches.”
“Objective.

To review mechanisms that might contribute AZD6738 to sensory disturbances and sympathetically-maintained pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).

Background.

CRPS is associated with a range of sensory and autonomic

abnormalities. In a subpopulation of patients, sympathetic nervous system arousal and intradermal injection of adrenergic agonists intensify pain.

Results.

Mechanisms responsible for sensory abnormalities in CRPS include sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors and spinothalamic tract neurons, disinhibition

of central nociceptive neurons, and reorganization of thalamo-cortical somatosensory maps. Proposed mechanisms of sympathetically-maintained pain include adrenergic excitation of sensitized nociceptors in the CRPS-affected limb, and interaction between processes within the central nervous system that modulate nociception and emotional responses. Selleckchem Lapatinib Central mechanisms could involve adrenergic facilitation of nociceptive transmission in the dorsal horn or thalamus, and/or depletion of bulbo-spinal opioids or tolerance to their Tubastatin A ic50 effects.

Conclusions.

Sympathetic neural activity might contribute to pain and sensory disturbances in CRPS by feeding into nociceptive circuits at the site of injury or elsewhere in the CRPS-affected limb, within the dorsal horn, or via thalamo-cortical

projections.”
“We describe a paradoxical response involving the central nervous system in a patient with steroid-refractory tuberculous meningitis that was unresponsive to systemic corticosteroids but was improved with adalimumab. The immunomodulatory effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors may have a role in replacing or enhancing the activity of steroids in the management of steroid-refractory tuberculous meningitis.”
“Patient: A 20-year-old African American man.

Current Chief Complaint: Bilateral scrotal swelling.

History of the Present Illness: The patient had experienced painless swelling of his scrotum for the past 2 years. At the time of clinical examination, any movement caused scrotal discomfort; he described experiencing a pulsing dull ache while in a standing position that resolved itself when he lay down. The patient was lethargic and easily fatigued; he experienced dyspnea on exertion. He reported no chest pain, difficulty in breathing, or night sweats. He had unintentionally lost 15 pounds during the past 10 months. He had-experienced no changes in his bowel or urinary habits and no change in his appetite.

Drug Allergies: No known drug allergies.

These include the primary indication for

testing in the first place, concerns regarding the implications of symptomatic, presymptomatic, and susceptibility testing, the mutation frequency in the gene of interest, the general lack of neuroprotective treatment options for neurodegenerative movement disorders, the prognosis of the condition diagnosed, and patient confidentiality concerns. Furthermore, new technical achievements and the available technical expertise, feasibility of specific gene testing, and its coverage through a health insurance carrier should be considered. Guidelines for testing have been established by some disease LGX818 clinical trial societies to advise clinicians and in parallel legal regulations are being adjusted at a national and international level. We review these and other critical points and recent developments regarding genetic testing in the field of movement disorders.”
“PURPOSE: To determine flap thickness variation with 3 types of microkeratome heads and identify the potential factors that affect flap thickness.

SETTING: Ruijin Hospital,

Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai, China.

DESIGN: Comparative case series.

METHODS: Laser in situ keratomileusis was performed using the Mona microkeratome with the One Use-Plus SBK, M2 90, or M2 110 head. Flap thickness was calculated by subtraction pachymetry. Age, central corneal thickness (CCT), spherical equivalent refraction, mTOR inhibitor mean keratometry, and horizontal corneal diameter were recorded preoperatively.

RESULTS: The study comprised 180 eyes of 90 patients; 60 eyes were treated with each head. The difference in mean flap thickness between right see more and left eyes was not significant in the SBK group (97.50 mu m +/- 11.39 [SD] versus 96.73 +/- 10.45 mu m; P =

.44) but was significant in the M2 90 group (128.03 +/- 12.03 mu m versus 123.40 +/- 12.38 mu m; P = .0071) and the M2 110 group (140.53 +/- 15.14 mu m versus 135.23 +/- 18.03 mu m, P = .0035). The difference from the intended flap thickness (right eyes and left eyes) was 2.50 +/- 11.39 mu m and 3.27 +/- 10.45 mu m, respectively, in the SBK group; -8.03 +/- 12.03 mu m and -3.40 +/- 12.38 mu m, respectively, in the M2 90 group; and -0.53 +/- 15.14 mu m and 4.77 +/- 18.03 mu m, respectively, in the M2 110 group. Flap thickness was positively correlated with baseline CCT in each group.

CONCLUSIONS: Flap thickness was positively correlated with the preoperative CCT using the Mona microkeratome. The SBK head demonstrated the most accurate flap thickness, followed by the M2 90 head and the 110 head.”
“Gene therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) may offer an alternative to current pharmacologic and surgical treatments; the former are limited by motor complications and non-motor adverse effects, and both by lack of neuroprotection.

“
“SETTING: The Abagusii people in rural

south-west Kenya.

OBJECTIVE: NU7441 in vitro To investigate tuberculosis (TB) treatment pathways and factors associated with treatment-seeking behaviour.

METHOD: Quantitative data were obtained using a structured questionnaire administered to 100 household heads, while qualitative data were obtained from three focus group discussions (FGDs), six key informant interviews and seven case histories that focused on experiences of TB.

RESULTS: Data reveal that patients follow oscillatory pathways in treatment seeking. Treatment-seeking behaviour is influenced by socio-structural and superstructural forces such as beliefs and perceptions regarding treatment and disease-causing factors.

CONCLUSION: To improve TB treatment, these socio-structural and superstructural factors should be addressed.”
“Vertebroplasty is a new minimal-invasive procedure for the treatment of painful vertebral fractures. The risk of a pulmonary embolism ranges from 3.5 to 23% for osteoporotic fractures. However, data about the incidence and treatment strategies of pulmonary cement embolisms (PCE) are limited. We report a case of a patient with symptomatic pulmonary cement embolism after the vertebroplasty. The diagnosis was confirmed by means of CT- scan. In cases of asymptomatic patients with peripheral

PCE we recommend no treatment besides clinical follow-up. In our case of symptomatic embolisms, we recommend to proceed according AICAR in vivo to the guidelines regarding the treatment of thrombotic pulmonary embolisms, which includes CYT387 initial heparinization and a following 6-month coumarin therapy.”
“Objective: Managing patients with multiple adrenal masses is technically challenging. We present our experience with minimally invasive partial adrenalectomy (PA) performed for synchronous multiple ipsilateral pheochromocytomas in a single setting. Materials and Methods: We reviewed records of patients undergoing PA for pheochromocytoma at the National Cancer

Institute between 1994 and 2010. Patients were included if multiple tumors were excised from the ipsilateral adrenal gland in the same operative setting. Perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes of PA for multiple pheochromocytomas are shown. Results: Of 121 partial adrenalectomies performed, 10 procedures performed in eight patients for synchronous multiple ipsilateral pheochromocytomas were identified. All eight patients were symptomatic at presentation. The mean patient age was 30.6 years, median follow up was 12 months. The average surgical time was 228 minutes, average blood loss of 125mL, and average number of tumors removed was 2.6 per adrenal. In total, 26 tumors were removed, 24 were pathologically confirmed pheochromocytomas, while two were adrenal cortical hyperplasia. After surgery, all patients had resolution of their symptoms, one patient required steroid replacement postoperatively.

The mathematic model includes mass balances, considering the resistance to external mass transfer. A parameter sensitivity analysis and parameter fitting were PD98059 in vivo performed by simulations and the model was validated by comparison with experimental data.

CONCLUSION: The model fitted experimental data well, with deviations lower than 5% concerning FOS concentrations, indicating that it can be used in the design and control of bioreactors, either using purified or partially purified enzyme. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Objective: Successful repair of articular cartilage (AC) defects would be a major advantage due to the low ability of

AC to heal spontaneously. Sensitive methods to determine changes in AC composition and structure are required to monitor the success of repair. This study evaluates the ability of unsupervised cluster analysis applied to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to discriminate between healthy and repaired AC.

Methods: Osteochondral lesions (3 mm in depth) were surgically created in patellar grooves of rabbit femurs and were either left to heal spontaneously (n = 6) or surgically repaired with autologous chondrocytes in type II

collagen gel (n = 6). After 6 months, tissues were harvested, FTIR microspectroscopy was conducted and Fuzzy buy Dinaciclib c-means (FCM) cluster analysis applied to spectra of pairs of intact and repaired AC samples from each rabbit. Two spectral regions [amide I and carbohydrate (CHO)] were analyzed and the results from the two types of repair were compared.

Results: Two separate

regions of repair were detected with FCM. The estimated proteoglycan content (from CHO region) in the repaired AC was significantly lower than that in intact AC. The spontaneously repaired AC was better distinguished from the intact AC than the collagen II gel repaired AC. The most distinct clustering was observed for spontaneously Anlotinib supplier repaired samples using CHO region.

Conclusions: This study revealed that unsupervised cluster analysis applied to FTIR microspectroscopy can detect subtle differences in infrared spectra between normal and repaired AC. The method may help in evaluation and optimization of future AC repair strategies. (C) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Stroke and subclinical “”silent infarcts”" are major causes of morbidity in children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Ischemic strokes are more common in younger children while hemorrhagic strokes are more frequent in adults. The goal of neuroimaging in acute stroke is to document whether the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic, to assess the extent of parenchymal abnormalities and to determine the presence of other cerebrovascular lesions. Computed Tomography (CT) is the primary modality for the assessment of acute stroke patients because of its 24/7 availability and ability to exclude hemorrhagic causes.

LAMP and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed using swab samples collected from 106 patients with clinically suspected alpha herpesvirus skin infections. The results of LAMP performed with DNA extraction did not differ from those performed without DNA extraction. The sensitivity of

LAMP tested against real-time PCR was 96% in herpes simplex, 78% in eczema herpeticum, 93% in herpes zoster and 100% in varicella. No viral DNA was detected by LAMP in all negative real-time PCR samples. Viral DNA load was significantly lower in samples find more with false-negative LAMP results than in the LAMP-positive samples. LAMP enables confirmation of clinically suspected cutaneous HSV and VZV infections. However, the sensitivity of LAMP is lower than real-time PCR. The accuracy of LAMP may increase if sufficient viral DNA is obtained from lesions. LAMP performed without DNA extraction remains sensitive; thus, LAMP represents a quick and economical method for the diagnosis of common alpha herpesvirus skin infections.”
“This article proposes a number of recommendations for the treatment of generalized social phobia, based on a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. An optimal treatment regimen would include a combination of medication and psychotherapy, along with an assertive clinical management program. For medications, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and dual serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake

inhibitors are first-line choices based on their efficacy and tolerability profiles. The nonselective monoamine oxidase PCI-34051 manufacturer inhibitor, phenelzine, may be more potent than these two drug classes, but because of its food and drug interaction

liabilities, its use should be restricted to patients not responding to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. There are other medication classes with demonstrated efficacy in social phobia (benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, alpha-2-delta ligands), but due to limited published clinical trial data and the potential for dependence and withdrawal issues with benzodiazepines, it is unclear how best Ferroptosis targets to incorporate these drugs into treatment regimens. There are very few clinical trials on the use of combined medications. Cognitive behavior therapy appears to be more effective than other evidence-based psychological techniques, and its effects appear to be more enduring than those of pharmacotherapy. There is some evidence, albeit limited to certain drug classes, that the combination of medication and cognitive behavior therapy may be more effective than either strategy used alone. Generalized social phobia is a chronic disorder, and many patients will require long-term support and treatment.”
“Objective-To determine herd-level prevalence of Mycoplasma spp mastitis in Utah dairy herds and characterize farms and management practices for positive herds.

Design-Epidemiologic study.

Sample Population-Bulk tank milk samples from 222 of 285 (78%) dairy farms in Utah.