Nonetheless, measures of telomere lengths have the potential to become valuable tools in molecular ecology and forensics for assessing compliance in harvesting situations. “
“Age and reproductive information for Alectinib mw 65 false killer whales stranded in South Africa in 1981 are compared with similar material from 156 animals examined from drive fisheries in Japan in 1979 and 1980. Sizes at birth, sexual maturation, and physical maturity all indicated that both sexes were 10%–20% larger in Japan than South Africa. Females reached sexual maturation at similar ages (8–10.5 yr) in both populations, and although sample sizes were too small to establish male ages at puberty precisely the

ranges in Japan (10.5–18.5 yr) and South Africa (5.25–17.5 yr) were not inconsistent. The initial ovulation rate for females from South Africa was 65% lower (and the apparent pregnancy

rate 82% lower) than those from Japan and there were fewer animals ≤2 yr old within the school, but the magnitude of these differences suggests that the stranded school’s reproductive performance was probably impaired. Collectively these comparisons and the literature indicate substantive size differences between false killer whales in different populations, although the patterns of growth appear similar. Firm conclusions about any geographical differences in reproduction require additional data. False killer whales, Pseudorca crassidens, are distributed worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas, occasionally extending into cold temperate regions (Baird 2008): Selleck Rapamycin approximate polar limits to distribution have been described as 50ºN and 50ºS (Odell and McClune 1999), although the northern limit of the Glutathione peroxidase summer distribution of this species in the western North Pacific is around 40ºN (as illustrated in Miyashita 1983). In the southern African subregion, the species has been recorded from Gabon

on the Atlantic coast to the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean, with most sightings in water >1,000 m deep but coming close inshore occasionally: at least six mass strandings have occurred in South Africa since 1928 (Best 2007). Despite this widespread distribution, genetic sampling (mainly in the eastern Tropical Pacific but including samples from the North Atlantic, the Indo-Pacific region, and Australia) has revealed considerable population structure, both between and, in the case of the North Pacific, within ocean basins (Chivers et al. 2010). In the latter case, a small population associated with the Hawaiian Islands appears to be genetically distinct from animals occurring further offshore (Chivers et al. 2007), and this separation is supported by longitudinal studies of individually identified individuals (Baird et al. 2008, Baird 2009) and short-term studies of individual movements (Baird et al. 2010).