(2,3) In this review, we focus on types of immunodeficiencies in which defects in pattern-recognition receptors and their downstream intracellular pathways predominate.”
“Mouse models serve as relatively new yet powerful research tools to study intimal hyperplasia and wall remodeling of vein bypass graft failure.

Several model variations have been reported in the past decade. However, the approach demands thoughtful preparation, selected sophisticated equipment, microsurgical technical expertise, advanced tissue processing, and data acquisition. This review compares several described models and aims (building on our personal experiences) to practically aid the investigators who want to utilize mouse models of vein graft failure. (J Vase Surg 2010;52:444-52.)

Clinical Relevance: Surgical revascularization via vein grafting offers immediate and often dramatic end Selleckchem Omipalisib organ benefit. However, substantial percentages

of vein conduits placed develop stenosis or fail, often early. ISRIB order Mechanistic studies of the complex interplay between the biologic and physical forces that drive failure have been hampered by limited quantity and quality of clinical specimens, and the inability of systems such as computer models and cell culture to mimic the clinical circumstance. This review summarizes the power and limitations of mouse vein graft models, and it includes practical experience-based advice for researchers aiming to utilize this tool.”
“An 18-year-old black woman with a history of asthma presented with fever, ear pain, and dull discomfort on the right side of her chest that was unchanged with movement or inspiration. She had no other symptoms and had been well until the morning of presentation. On examination, her temperature was 38.8 degrees C, and

her right tympanic membrane was inflamed. Although the lungs were clear on auscultation, radiography revealed air-space opacities in both lower lobes. Azithromycin was prescribed. Her symptoms resolved within 24 hours, and repeat radiography Interleukin-3 receptor performed 1 week later showed that the opacities, although still present, had diminished.”
“Urologic complications related to vascular surgery involving the ureter have been well recognized. These include ureteral compression from aneurysms, congenital anomalies such as retrocaval ureter, obstruction from retroperitoneal fibrosis, iatrogenic injury, and ureteric fistulas. Complications involving the bladder are more infrequent. Most of these bladder-related complications involve the use of tunneling devices for synthetic bypass grafts. We report an unusual case of a transvesically placed femoral-femoral bypass graft with delayed presentation. We also reviewed the English literature for experience with diagnosis and treatment of bladder injuries during vascular surgical procedures. (J Vase Surg 2010; 52:453-5.