Z-scores for height, weight, and BMI were calculated buy GSK2118436 using the CDC growth tables, implemented using the gc-calculate-BIV. SAS program from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All analyses were performed using SAS v. 9.3. We identified 44 treatment-naïve children with chronic HCV infection and no concurrent liver diseases with at least two liver biopsies more than 1 year apart from the eight participating centers. Their demographics are given in Table 1. The mode of transmission was
vertical in 25 (57%) children, by way of transfusions in 17 (39%), and unknown in two (4%) adopted children. Viral genotype was known in 35 children and was 1 (a/b) in 30 (84%) selleck kinase inhibitor children. Mean age at the first and last liver biopsy was 8.6 and 14.5 years, respectively. The mean interval between biopsies was 5.8 ± 3.5 years, range 1-17 years. The duration of infection to the two biopsies was 7.7 and 13.5 years, respectively.
Laboratory values including complete blood count, prothrombin time, bilirubin, and albumin did not differ significantly between the two sets of biopsies. The histologic features in the 44 children at the time of initial and final biopsies are shown in Table 2. Biopsy sizes were excellent (containing over 11 portal tracts) in 40 biopsies, adequate (between 6-11 portal tracts) in 43, and modest (between 3-5 tracts) in 14. There were two wedge and two surgical resection specimens. Thirty-seven patients had two biopsies each and seven patients had more than two biopsies (five patients had three biopsies, two patients had four each). The total biopsies reviewed were 97. Necroinflammatory activity was minimal in 55% and 50% of the patients on the first and the final biopsy, respectively. Fibrosis was absent in 16% at both biopsies and limited to portal/periportal in
73% of children at the first biopsy and 64% at the final biopsy. Bridging fibrosis/cirrhosis was present in five medchemexpress patients (11%) at the first biopsy and nine patients (20%) at the final biopsy (P = 0.0046). Thirteen patients showed progression in fibrosis at varying stages between the two sets of biopsies. The changes of progression and regression of fibrosis between biopsies in 24 patients are discussed below. Steatosis was minimal or moderate in 23% and 27% of the biopsies and showed no progression or regression. “Chicken wire” fibrosis was found in three, giant cell transformation in two, and iron overload in two biopsies. The demographic features such as age at biopsy, duration of infection, BMI, laboratory values such as ALT and viral load, and histologic changes of inflammation and steatosis on the initial liver biopsy were analyzed for correlation with the stage of fibrosis to identify any characteristics that had a predictive value for the severity of fibrosis (Table 3). Necroinflammatory changes (P = <0.