We calculated the proportions to analyze the differences in the type of venous drainage between patients with ISAH, patients

with ASAH, and patients without hemorrhage. chi(2) statistics were used to search for differences.

RESULTS: Types A and C venous drainage were present in 23.8 and 32.3%, respectively, of patients with ISAH compared with 58.7 and 15.4%, respectively, in the ASAH group and 57.5 and 5%, respectively, mTOR inhibitor in the nonhemorrhagic group (P < 0.001). A primitive variant was present in at least I hemisphere in 38 patients with ISAH (41.8% of the cases) compared with 24 patients with ASAH (21.4%) and 2 patients (8%) in the nonhemorrhagic group (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: In patients with ISAH, deep cerebral venous drainage more commonly drains

directly into dural sinuses instead of via the vein of Galen compared with patients with ASAH and patients without intracranial hemorrhage. The way in which this venous configuration might influence bleeding remains unknown.”
“Purpose: Injecting dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer has gained popularity as first line treatment for vesicoureteral. reflux. However, ureteroneocystostomy Trichostatin A mw hash typically been more successful than endoscopic treatments. We evaluated the outcome of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection vs that of extravesical ureteroneocystostomy via a 2 cm inguinal incision (mini-ureteroneocystostomy) for unilateral vesicoureteral reflux.

Materials and Methods: The records were PKC412 analyzed of all patients from 2003 to 2007 with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux who underwent mini-ureteroneocystostomy or dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection. Mini-ureteroneocystostomy was performed via a 2 cm inguinal incision. Of the injections 66%

were delivered via an intraureteral tunnel technique. Statistical analysis was done to compare differences in clinical features and success rates. All p values were 2-sided with significance at p < 0.05.

Results: From 2003 to 2007, 99 children underwent operative repair of unilateral vesicoureteral reflux, including 42 via dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection and 57 via mini-ureteroneocystostomy. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of preoperative clinical or anatomical variables except for higher preoperative reflux grade in the mini-ureteroneocystostomy cohort (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing mini-ureteroneocystostomy were more likely to be cured (100% vs 78%, p = 0.001). De novo contralateral vesicoureteral reflux occurred in the 2 cohorts to a similar degree (p = 0.15). The injection cohort was more likely to be discharged home on an outpatient basis (100% vs 82%, p = 0.002).