This was shown in anesthetized animals, where simultaneous deflection of all whiskers (to mimic normal whisking) evokes L4 spikes reliably

before L2/3 spikes, whereas deflection of all but one whisker (to mimic acute whisker deprivation) immediately causes L4-L2/3 firing in the deprived column to decorrelate and firing order to reverse (Celikel et al., 2004). These findings suggest that STDP may be the primary mode for induction of LTD at L4-L2/3 synapses during deprivation-induced plasticity. In V1, whether STDP contributes to deprivation-induced plasticity is unclear. In a focal retinal lesion model of plasticity, neurons SB203580 price in a visually deprived region of V1 acquire novel visual receptive fields via functional and anatomical reorganization of intracortical horizontal connections (Yamahachi et al., 2009). A computational study found that the pattern of acquired receptive fields was consistent with STDP at intracortical synapses, but not with classical correlation-dependent plasticity (Young et al., 2007). An STDP model of ocular dominance plasticity has been proposed in which monocular deprivation alters the precise temporal patterning of V1 spikes, thus inducing STDP in deprived-eye

or open-eye pathways (Hensch, 2005; Hofer et al., 2006). Direct evidence for STDP is lacking, but the dynamics of plasticity in fast-spiking interneurons may be consistent with STDP (Yazaki-Sugiyama et al., 2009). Ruxolitinib datasheet Hebb predicted that the temporally asymmetric nature of synapse strengthening drives

learning of sequences. Blum and Abbott (1996) modeled temporally asymmetric LTP in hippocampus, and showed that it learns sequences of spatial positions (i.e., spatial paths). They predicted that place fields will shift backward along well-learned paths due to LTP for at synapses from earlier- to later-activated place cells. This shift was observed experimentally by Mehta et al. (1997) and was shown to be consistent with both simple Hebbian STDP (Mehta et al., 2000) and with a biophysically inspired, unified model of rate- and timing-dependent plasticity (Yu et al., 2008). Recently, Bush et al. (2010) showed that a rate- and timing-dependent plasticity model explains both learning of spatial sequences and increased functional connectivity between neurons with overlapping place fields. Thus, STDP is an appropriate candidate to mediate learning within the hippocampal cognitive map. Sensory systems must distinguish true external sensory stimuli from behaviorally irrelevant, self-generated sensory signals. Anti-Hebbian LTD plays a major role in this process, which has been studied in electrosensation in fish (for review, see Requarth and Sawtell, 2011). Weakly electric fish emit electric currents, and detect nearby objects by sensing object-induced distortions in the electric field via body surface electroreceptors. Self-motion (e.g.