This might have been due to the induction of a long post-operative analgesia, which avoids the need to pain killer drugs. There was no significant difference in blood loss in operative room between the two groups (P=0.98), although significantly (P<0.0001) less bleeding was observed in patients in the meperidine group in the recovery room. Post-operative nausea

and vomiting and pruritus were more common in the meperidine Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical group (P<0.02), but shivering was less frequent in that group (P<0.056). None of the patients in any group had transient neurological symptoms. The addition of meperidine to spinal lidocaine slowed down the onset of sensory and motor block, improved intraoperative analgesia, and delayed

the demand for analgesic drug without affecting motor block (P=0.82). The sensory and motor blockades in all patients in the two groups were adequate for surgery. No respiratory depression was observed in the two groups. Although transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) has been described as the gold standard treatment for the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical treatment of patients with prostatic hypertrophy, and over 90% of prostatectomy Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical operations for benign prostatic hyperplasia are performed by TURP, open prostatectomy is still regarded as one of the most satisfactory procedures which cause excellent relief and symptomatic improvement in the majority of patients with prostatic hyper trophy.13,14 Aging alters both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of anesthetic actions.15 The functional capacity of organs declines, and co-existing diseases further contribute to this decline. In Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical terms of cardiac function, geriatric patients have decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness, increased reliance on Frank-Starling mechanism for cardiac output, and increased incidence of hemodynamic changes.15,16 It is, therefore, important to consider fluid administration carefully. In a non compliant older heart, small changes in venous return produce large changes in ventricular preload and cardiac output.16,17 Due to diastolic dysfunction and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical decreased

vascular compliance, Calpain the elderly patient compensates poorly for hypovolemia.17 Similarly, exaggerated transfusion is poorly tolerated.2,17 Murto et al.18 investigated the effects of the addition of low dose meperidine to spinal lidocaine on the sensory and motor blockade profiles, and the quality and duration of postoperative analgesia. They selleck screening library conducted a randomized double-blind prospective study on 40 patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy with spinal anesthesia and compared three treatment protocols. These protocols included 75 mg lidocaine 5% intrathecally as the sole agent (group A), co-administration of 75 mg lidocaine 5% intrathecally with 0.15 mg/kg meperidine (group B) and co-administration of 75 mg lidocaine 5% intrathecally with 0.30 mg/kg meperidine (group C).