These obser vations are in agreement with all the inhibition of tumorigen icity we previously observed in MDA MB 231 breast cancer cells expressing ODAM This serves, yet, to highlight the seemingly contrary association of ODAM expression with far more sophisticated malignancies and also the need to have for clarification of your role it might play in these tumors. This may hinge on even further investigation into ODAM localization performance within the context of tumor cell variation. Within this regard latest research have shed light about the plex interactions amongst the PI3K AKT mTOR, Ras RafMAPK, and or Wnt catenin signaling pathways governing tumor growth and metastasis in melanoma, colon cancer, breast cancer, and others These interactions are proving determinative in terms of tumor behavior and are proposed to become pre dictive with regards to therapeutic responsiveness.
Defining ODAM expression in relation to signaling pathways ac tive throughout the range of tumor phenotypes will enable us to even further clarify its purpose in tumorigenesis and delineate any relationship it may need to pathway specific thera peutic intervention. Breast cancer is at the moment the 2nd most mon bring about of death as a result of cancer among women and prospects to ap proximately 8,000 to 10,000 deaths each year Metastasis may be the main dig this trigger of breast cancer relevant deaths, and these metastases are only poorly managed with very first generation therapies such as taxanes The two the ErbB2 and also the ErbB1 receptors, members with the epidermal growth issue receptor family, are upregulated in lots of types of cancer, and overexpression of these proteins is associated using a greater probability of metastasis. Hence, this receptor loved ones is often a existing therapeutic target for that treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The epidermal growth element receptor loved ones prises 4 members referred to as EGFR Her2 ErbB3, and ErbB4.
Homo and hetero dimerization of these tyrosine kinase receptors happens due to bind ing by different growth Flavopiridol components this kind of as epidermal development aspect following which cytoplasmic tail tyrosine residues are phosphorylated Phosphorylation leads down stream towards the activation of different signaling cascades such as the extracellular regulated kinase and also the Akt kinase cascades. These cascades bring about propagation of both survival and death signals Recently, lapatinib an ErbB1 2 inhibitor, was authorized for your treatment of metastatic breast cancer, as lapatinib is impli cated in superior out es in patients with metastases.