The study examined situational, behavioral, health-related and resource indicators in terms of their direct impact on frailty, hypothesized as a latent variable. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), a model was tested with 150 homeless men and women, ages 40-73, from three homeless day center drop-in sites on Skid Row and one residential drug treatment (RDT) facility that works with homeless parolees and
probationers. In bivariate analyses with the latent construct frailty, months homeless (p smaller than 0.01), female gender (p smaller than 0.05), education (p smaller than 0.05), comorbid conditions (p smaller than 0.001), nutrition (p smaller than 0.001), resilience (p smaller than 0.001), health care utilization (p smaller than 0.01), and falls (p smaller than 0.001) were significantly associated with frailty. In the final path model, significant predictors of frailty included educational PKC412 in vitro attainment (p smaller than 0.01), comorbid conditions (p smaller than Tariquidar 0.001), nutrition (p smaller than 0.001), resilience (p smaller than 0.001), and falls (p smaller than 0.01). These findings will serve as a foundation for future nurse-led, community-based initiatives that focus on key predictors of frailty among the homeless and the development of interventions.
(C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A sensitive and high-throughput inhibition screening liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of five probe metabolites (7-hydroxycoumarin, CYP2A6; 4-hydroxytolbutamide, CYP2C9; 4-hydroxymephenytoin, CYP2C19; -hydroxymetoprolol, CYP2D6; and 1-hydroxymidazolam, CYP3A4) for in vitro cytochrome P450 activity determination in human liver microsome and recombinant. All the metabolites and the internal standard, tramadol, were separated on a Waters 2695 series liquid chromatograph with a Phenomenex Luna C-18 column (150×2.0mm, 5 mu m). Quality control samples
and a positive control CYP inhibitor were included in the method. The IC50 values determined for typical CYP inhibitors were reproducible and in agreement with the literature. The method was selective SB273005 cell line and showed good accuracy (99.13-103.37%), and inter-day (RSD smaller than 6.20%) and intra-day (RSD smaller than 6.13%) precision. Also, the incubation extracts of the sample were stable at room temperature (20 degrees C) for 48h and for 96h in the autosampler (4 degrees C). The presented method is the first HPLC-MS/MS method of this combination for simultaneous detection of the five metabolites 7-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxytolbutamide, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, -hydroxymetoprolol and 1-hydroxymidazolam in a single-run process. It is possible that the high-quality and -throughput cocktail provides suitable information in drug discovery and screening for new drug entities. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.