The major problem and daunting challenge for medicine will be to find the significant signals within this enormous amount of individual data and enhance the Syk inhibitor review signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, the highly heterogeneous data will have to be integrated into predictive models which will focus on the well-being of the individual. This is not a trivial task by any measure. In order to succeed in understanding a highly complex organism such as the human body, a systems-driven, cross-disciplinary

environment will be a fundamental necessity for the biology of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the future.3,7,8 Figure 1. In 10 years each individual will be surrounded by a virtual cloud of billions of data points—P4 medicine. The Department of Molecular Biotechnology (MBT) at the University of Washington Medical School was such a cross-disciplinary department from 1992 to 2000. Within a short period of 8 years, the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical researchers at this department pioneered fundamental new techniques in the emerging field of proteomics, created the software that fueled the genome project, developed a revolutionary multi-parameter high-speed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical cell sorter, and pioneered the ink-jet DNA synthesizer that could both synthesize

thousands of DNA fragments and generate DNA arrays with hundreds of thousands of DNA fragments.3,4 We wished to build an Institute for Systems Biology in addition to the cross-disciplinary platform of MBT. However, bureaucracies at large institutions, honed by the past, are often

barely capable of dealing with the present, let alone the future. Frustrations with Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical different university bureaucracies were the impetus for creating the independent, non-profit Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) in Seattle. The ISB was established as a non-traditional institution, where scientific collaboration could take place across disciplines and where biologists and other scientists, along with technologists, could Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical freely commingle, creating a milieu in which the cross-pollination of ideas was the rule and not the exception.3 It has taken us more than 10 years to create the cross-disciplinary culture where scientists speak one another’s languages and they can work together effectively in teams.8 Our cross-disciplinary culture is very much driven 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase by the idea that leading-edge biology necessitates the need to invent new technologies (and thus open new areas of data space for exploration) and that these new technologies mandate the development of new mathematical and computational analytical tools (e.g. the ISB mantra, the “holy trinity,” is “biology drives technology drives computation”). This cross-disciplinary, systems-driven platform and culture also foster innovation because the “holy trinity” creates new technologies, new analytical tools, and finally new concepts—and these have fueled significant company creation by ISB.