“
“The kinetics of crystal nucleation in high-rate electron beam evaporated amorphous Si for polycrystalline thin film solar cells was systematically studied on SiN and selected

ZnO:Al-coated glass substrates with dissimilar surface topographies by employing Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. The influence of the surface topography of the substrate and the disorder of the deposited amorphous Si could be correlated to the respective characteristics of the transient and steady state regime of the nucleation rate. The steady state nucleation rate I(ss), its corresponding activation energy E(Iss), BI-D1870 research buy and consequently the size of the grains in the crystallized Si were found to be governed by the interplay between the surface roughness and the deposition temperature. The steady state nucleation rate I(ss) increased gradually upon increasing the substrate roughness, while lowering the deposition temperature of the amorphous Si on rough textures resulted in a decline of I(ss). The time-lag tau, which represents a

distinctive parameter for the transient regime, was only slightly affected by the substrate topography. The deposition temperature, however, had a significant AP24534 in vivo influence on tau, with tau increasing by a factor of 8 upon lowering the deposition temperature from 300 to 200 degrees C for all substrate topographies. These characteristics could be correlated with the increasing structural disorder of the deposited a-Si upon decreasing the deposition temperature. Based on this analysis, we could determine design rules for the controlled preparation of large-grained poly-Si in minimized processing time on any of the used substrate types by individually adjusting the deposition temperature and implementing nucleation see more layers. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3627373]“
“Genetic analysis of pancreatic development has provided new insights

into the mechanisms underlying the formation of exocrine pancreatic neoplasia. Zebrafish sweetbread (swd) mutants develop hypoplastic acini and dysmorphic ducts in the exocrine pancreas, with impeded progression of cell division cycle and of epithelial growth. Positional cloning and allelic complementation have revealed that the swd mutations affect the transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (trpm7) gene, which encodes a divalent cation-permeable channel with kinase activity. Supplementary Mg2+ partially rescued the exocrine pancreatic defects of the trpm7 mutants by improving cell-cycle progression and growth and repressing the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3a (socs3a) gene. The role of Socs3a in Trpm7-mediated signaling is supported by the findings that socs3a mRNA level is elevated in the trpm7 mutants, and antisense inhibition of socs3a expression improved their exocrine pancreatic growth.