The industrially relevant case studies presented here show that significant energy savings are possible (ranging from approximate to 20 to 60%) while simplifying the processes by using less equipment that requires a lower plant footprint. Remarkably, in most cases there is also the possibility of revamping existing plants producing biofuels, and thus reusing the already available equipment. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Magnetization measurements have been carried out on ErCo(2-x)Tix (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) alloys in the temperature range of 4-300

K under high dc magnetic fields of up to 23 T. The substitution

of Ti for Co causes no change in the crystal structure of ErCo2 (cubic Laves phase PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 C15 with space group Fd (3) over barm). The lattice parameter a decreases almost linearly with increasing x up to x=0.04 and then increases slightly for the largest Ti concentration. The Curie temperature T-C shows a similar change with Ti concentration. Above T-C all the studied samples show a small but unambiguous click here hysteresis associated with a metamagnetic transition. The observed hysteresis is attributed to the coexistence of the paramagnetic and the field-induced ferrimagnetic states. Linear temperature extrapolations of the critical fields H-c1 (where the hysteresis sets in) and H-c2 (the highest field where the hysteresis is observed) were done for each sample. Two different critical temperatures were found suggesting the

existence of Co clusters. Indeed, weak negative magnetization values in low fields at low temperatures were observed for zero-field-cooling magnetic measurements. The negative magnetization is also attributed to the existence of Co clusters above T-C. The spontaneous magnetization values M-s of the samples Batimastat Proteases inhibitor were deduced as a function of Ti concentration from the high-field data. M-s passes through a maximum for the x=0.03 sample with a maximum value of 7.15 mu(B) (6.30 mu(B) in pure ErCo2). We show how a decrease in the Er-Co antiferromagnetic exchange coupling with Ti doping may lead to such an observed maximum. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3070625]“
“BACKGROUND

Although various commercially available filler materials are now commonly used, their variable degrees of resorption require repeated percutaneous injections. To overcome these drawbacks, a new injectable in vitro differentiated adipocyte filler has been developed, and animal studies have demonstrated that implantation of the filler successfully enhances in vivo adipose tissue formation.