The expression of rno miR 344b 5p gradually elevated dur ing development, suggesting that its function may involve late developmental maybe processes like the synapse development and plasticity. Expression of rno miR 3559 5p dropped over development, with a peak at E13, suggesting a poten tial role in embryonic neurogenesis. Identification of potential novel miRNAs in cortex One advantage of deep sequencing in miRNA detection is its ability to discover potential novel miRNAs. In the current study, the miReap algorithm was employed to call all candidate miRNA precursors with hairpin like structures. Altogether, 101 potential novel miRNAs were identified in this study when annotated to the miR Base release 18. 0. Dataset S2 provides a complete list of the name and relative abundance for all novel miRNA candidates based on annotation to release 18.

0 of miR Base. The predicted structure of 11 newly identified miRNAs are shown in Figure S4 as examples. The exist ence of these 11 novel candidates was further verified by RT Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries PCR, together with several recently identified miRNAs. We found that those with extremely low reads failed to be consistently detected using PCR. Overall, eight of the 11 novel candidates were verified by PCR. The expression pattern of 2 highly expressed novel candidates were also Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries verified using qPCR with consistent results as that of deep sequencing. The number of potential novel miRNAs detected by deep sequencing was very diverse over development, and the expres sion level of most novel candidates was very low.

Out of the total 101 novel candidates, only 2 candidates were expressed at a relatively high abundance Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and were thus more likely to play important biological functions in brain. Among Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries these 2 candidates, Candi date 55 was enriched at E10, and was not detected in any other developmental stages. The expression level of the Candidate 11 reached a peak at P3, a stage characterized with the peak of gliogenesis in rat cerebral cortex. Next, we compared the expression level of Candidate 11 in different tissues including cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, skin, heart, and skin. We found that this novel candidate was enriched in central nerve system. To test whether the biogenesis of novel candidates depends on Dicer, we compared the expression level of mouse homologues of candidate novel miRNAs in cortical tissue of wild type mice and mutant littermates of brain specific knockout of Dicer.

As positive control, the expression of three known miRNAs, miR 134, miR Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries 124, and the newly identified miR 344b www.selleckchem.com/products/AP24534.html 5p, was significantly reduced in Dicer knockout brain. The ex pression levels of mouse Candidate 11 also significantly decreased in homozygous knockout brains, further supports the notion that it indeed belongs to the category of miRNA. Dataset S2 provides a complete list of the name and relative abundance for all detected novel miRNAs, some of which were selected for clustering analysis to gether with known miRNAs.