The electron affinity difference Delta E between the different valleys in the conduction band has been ascertained and is in the range from 1.18 see more up to 1.21 eV. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3533770]“
“We

report our recent findings from the study of the field emission, electrical transport, and their correlation of individual single CuO nanowires grown by thermal oxidation. Typical Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plot of a single CuO nanowire exhibits an upward bending behavior with increasing applied electric field: a rare phenomenon of field emission from nanowires. The electrical transport measurement has shown that the CuO nanowire has a typical conductivity of 7.8 X 10(-4) (Omega cm)(-1). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study has given the energy band gap of 1.2 eV with Fermi energy level close to the top of valence band, confirming that the CuO nanowire is p-type. The upward bending FN plot can be explained using a field emission model of p-type semiconductor. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3536478]“
“Pessaries have been used to treat women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) since the beginning of recorded history. This review aims to assess the effect of pessary treatment on the disease-specific, health-related quality of life in women with pelvic organ prolapse. After a Medline search using Milciclib order the Mesh term ‘pessary’ and critical appraisal, 41 articles were selected and

used in this review. Pessaries are widely used to treat pelvic organ prolapse. It is minimally invasive and appears to be safe. Although there is evidence that the use of pessaries in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse is effective in alleviating symptoms and that patient satisfaction is high, the follow-up in many published papers is short, and the use of validated urogynaecological questionnaires is limited. Comparison with surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse is rare and not assessed in a randomised controlled trial.”
“Based on the

extended Kittel’s law, an anisotropic mechanism has been developed to investigate the complex multipolarization switching in (001) and (110) epitaxial BiFeO3 films, under a biased-tip field. Switching inhomogeneity and domain wall width evolution have been Ulixertinib purchase specifically accounted for. It has been found that distinct switching modes, i.e., the breakdown mode of 71 degrees-switched domain and the activation mode of 180 degrees/109 degrees switching, exist and dominate the switching orders within switching process. Our predicted switching orders show excellent agreements with the existing experimental data and phase-field results. A two-step procedure is also proposed to fabricate single-phase 71 degrees ferroelastic domain array of controllable density using (001) BiFeO3 films, which is favored in practice to significantly enhance the magnetoelectric coupling and photovoltage. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics.