The bar chart shows the means of child��s cotinine level (ng/ml serum) by number of cigarettes smoked per day (none, nondaily, 1�C5, 6�C10, 11�C20) selleck chem … Figure 2. Association of child cotinine level with maternal smoking behavior at age 15. The bar chart shows the means of child��s cotinine level (ng/ml serum) at age 15 years within nonsmokers by number of cigarettes the mother smokes per day (none, 1�C5, … Table 2. Univariable Analysis of Child Cotinine Levels at 7 and 15 Years for Nonsmokers and a Univariable Analysis of Child Smoking With Child Cotinine Levels at 15 Table 3. Multivariable Analysis of Maternal Smoking on Child Cotinine Levels at 7 and 15 Years for Nonsmokers, and a Multivariable Analysis of Child Smoking on Child Cotinine Levels at 15 on All Individuals Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure at Age 7 Univariable analyses indicated that maternal smoking was associated with child cotinine levels (<10 cigarettes/day vs.

nonsmoking mothers: ratio of geometric means [RGM] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43�C2.69, p < .001; 10+ cigarettes/day vs. nonsmoking mothers: RGM = 5.10, 95% CI = 3.94�C6.55, p < .001) (Table 2). These results did not change substantially when restricted to the sample on which complete data were available (Supplementary Table S1). In multivariable analysis, this association remained although it was attenuated (<10 cigarettes/day vs. nonsmoking mothers: RGM = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.08�C2.32, p = .017; 10+ cigarettes/day vs. nonsmoking mothers: RGM = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.86�C5.42, p < .001) (Table 3).

For individuals who attend assessment clinics at both ages 7 and 15, the RGM (Supplementary Table S2) was slightly higher although consistent with the findings presented in Table 3. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure at Age 15 Univariable analyses indicated that maternal smoking was associated with child cotinine levels (<10 cigarettes/day vs. nonsmoking mothers: RGM = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.05�C2.86, p = .03; 10+ cigarettes/day vs. nonsmoking mothers: RGM = 5.10, 95% CI = 3.35�C7.69, p < .001) (Table 2). These results did not change substantially when restricted to the sample on which complete data were available (Supplementary Table S1).

In the multivariable analysis, which comprised the association between mother smoking and child cotinine levels at age 7 and 15 years controlling for covariates, the association of maternal smoking with child cotinine levels remained for heavy smoking mothers (10+ cigarettes/day), there was a slight attenuation for lighter smoking mothers (<10 cigarettes/day) but none for heavy smoking mothers; (<10 Brefeldin_A cigarettes/day vs. nonsmoking mothers: RGM = 1.68, 95% CI = 0.84�C2.89, p = .164; 10+ cigarettes/day vs. nonsmoking mothers: RGM = 5.26, 95% CI = 3.06�C9.03, p < .001) (Table 3). For individuals who attended assessment clinics at both ages 7 and 15, the RGM (Supplementary Table S2) was similar to that for the complete sample (Table 3).