“
“Study design: Retrospective study. Objective: To determine the risk profile and complications associated with anterior vertebral body breach by Kirschner (K)-wire during percutaneous pedicle screw insertion. Summary of Background Data: Percutaneous techniques and indications are rapidly expanding with numerous studies now supporting the use of percutaneous pedicle screw stabilization as an adjunct for multiple pathologies such as degenerative, tumor, and trauma. With regards to complication rates, little has been documented. Materials and Methods: A total of 525 consecutive percutaneous pedicle screws were retrospectively reviewed and the rate of anterior

vertebral body breach was recorded, including any potential adverse clinical outcomes. Results: Of 525 percutaneous pedicle screw insertions, there were 7 anterior breaches recorded. We rated the breaches as a minor breach buy 3-deazaneplanocin A ( smaller than 5 mm; n = 3), moderate breach (5-25 mm; n = 2), and major breach ( bigger than 25 mm; n = 2). Two patients

had a postoperative ileus with a retroperitoneal hematoma on postoperative computed tomography scan. No patient required reoperation or blood transfusion. Conclusions: The indications for minimally invasive spinal fusion have expanded to include conditions such as degenerative, trauma, deformity, infection, and neoplasia. Although the rate of anterior K-wire breach is low, the technique requires the acquisition of a new set of GDC-0994 in vivo skills including the safe passage of a K-wire, and knowledge of potential complications that may ensue.”
“OBJECTIVE: To define clinical and audiological findings in patients with temporal bone posterior wall defects (TBPWD) and to investigate possible relationships between these findings and the characteristics of the defect. MATERIALS and METHODS: The computed tomography (CT) views of 1198 patients with vestibulocochlear symptoms between 2007 and 2012 were retrospectively evaluated, and TBPWD and associated anomalies were investigated. Patients who had TBPWD were called back, and clinical and audiological examinations this website (tympanometry, pure tone audiometry, acoustic

reflexes, and otoacoustic emission) were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-eight (2.34%) patients had TBPWD. Twenty-three of them were eligible for the study. Size of the defect was significantly correlated with the presence of tinnitus and/or vertigo (p smaller than 0.005). The cut-off values for the largest size of TBPWD were 1.65 mm [sensitivity: 0.67 and specificity: 0.77 (95% CI: 0.58-0.97); p= 0.04] in case of the presence of tinnitus and 1.85 for vertigo (sensitivity: 0.78 and specificity: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.67-0.99); p= 0.006). In pure tone audiometry tests, mixed-type hearing loss was present in four (17%) patients, sensorineural hearing loss was present in three (13%) patients, and conductive-type hearing loss was present only in one (4%) patient.