Proximal reflux was defined as an upper channel time pH < 4 of > 1.4%. The Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used in the statistical analysis.

All patients with heartburn had their symptoms abolished by surgery. The proximal extent of reflux predicted cough improvement. Eleven of 14 patients with proven proximal reflux had complete symptom relief from surgery this website as opposed to two of seven with distal only reflux (Chi-square = 4.95; degrees of freedom = 1; p = 0.026). There was no correlation between oesophageal motility (as assessed by per cent abnormal wet swallows) and pathological reflux on outcome of surgery.

Correlation of episodes of coughing with episodes of proximal or distal reflux was poor and had no useful predictive value.

Patients with refractory chronic cough are significantly more likely to benefit from surgery if their pH study shows an upper channel pH time > 1%.”
“The analytical

benefits of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) methods have been exploited and emphasized in the past two decades. The unexpectedly complex nature of many real-world samples amenable to GC analysis has been elucidated through the enhanced resolving power of GC x GC. Simple but fundamental devices, called modulators, enable continuous heart-cutting and re-injection, without which GC x GC analysis cannot be achieved. The present review focuses on the history (1991-2010), and present trends and future prospects for GC x GC modulation. We provide detailed descriptions and set out the advantages and the disadvantages of the most significant thermal and pneumatic modulators. (C) SBI-0206965 ic50 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A best evidence topic in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: what is the role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in viability assessment of

ischaemic cardiomyopathy? Altogether more than 164 papers were found using the reported search; of which, 6 represented the best available evidence to answer the clinical question and an additional VX 770 4 were found by crosschecking the reference lists for further ‘best available evidence’ papers. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Using late-gadolinium enhancement-cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) imaging, infarcted myocardium can be identified by the presence of hyperenhanced signal. The extent of myocardial hyperenhancement correlates inversely with improved myocardial contractility following surgical or per-cutaneous revascularization. Furthermore, CMR is able to assess not only viability, but also make gold-standard assessment of ventricular function and volume as well as identify stress perfusion deficits, each of which is relevant to estimating patient prognosis.