Novel educational methods to maintain the required understanding and skills are also described. (C) 2010 The Royal College THZ1 mouse of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In this work we have investigated the effect of the chromium (Cr) impurity on the thermoelectric properties of lead telluride (PbTe) bulk crystal with different Cr-content. The structural characterization of the crystals was done by x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic analyses. The incorporation of Cr in PbTe over the soluble limit has been found to replace Pb from the lattice site, forcing it to be precipitated into nanodots, with
their dimensions in the range of 2-13 nm and their numbers increasing with the increase in Cr doping. The transport properties Autophagy Compound Library research buy of the samples with different Cr-content have been evaluated through temperature dependent electrical resistivity, the Hall coefficient, and thermopower measurements in the temperature range of 100-600 K. The highest mobility is obtained as 1404 cm(2)/V s for
a sample with a carrier concentration of 3.84 x 10(18) cm(-3) at 300 K. The high electron mobility and moderately higher value of the thermopower are expected to produce a high power factor of the samples with the highest value of 38.49 x 10(-4) Wm(-1) K(-2) in a specimen with a Cr-content of 1.45 at. % at room temperature. The power factor of the specimen with 1.3 at. % Cr-content is found to be above 29 x 10(-4) Wm(-1)K(-2) in the wide temperature range of 300-600 K.
(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3592349]“
“Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans, is extracted from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and has a strong antioxidant activity and exhibits anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects. In this study we attempted to determine whether silymarin and the glutathione modifiers, buthionine sulfoxamine (BSO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), are involved in regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in proliferating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Cellular glutathione was manipulated during a 14-day culture using BSO, NAC and silymarin. At intervals of 2, 7 and 14 days, cells were collected YH25448 order and COX-2 and iNOS levels were measured. In parallel, generation of cellular H(2)O(2) and glutathione were measured. Supplementation of the culture media with BSO caused a dose-dependent decrease in MSC proliferation, whereas NAC or silymarin elevated the proliferation (p < 0.05). Treatment of MSC with NAC or silymarin caused a significant decrease in COX-2 levels. However, COX-2 levels in cells treated with high levels of NAC (1.0 mM) were significantly lower than those in MSCs treated with high levels of silymarin (100 mu M). BSO (1.0 and 5.0 mu M) caused a significant increase in COX-2 on days 2, 7 and 14.