\n\nMethods: Between 2002 and 2008, we performed NOTCH3 gene analysis (exons 2-23)

in 81 probands because CADASIL was clinically suspected. A retrospective analysis and comparison of clinical, familial, and neuroimaging features of patients with and without pathogenic mutations was performed.\n\nResults: CADASIL was find more diagnosed in 16/81 (20%) probands by finding a mutation leading to a cysteine substitution within the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats of the NOTCH3 receptor. In the remaining 65 patients, no pathogenic mutation was found. Some features were significantly (Fisher exact test p < 0.05) more frequent in CADASIL than in NOTCH3-negative patients: history of migraine (73 vs 39%), stroke before the age of 60 among relatives (71 vs 32%), severe leukoencephalopathy LDN-193189 nmr (94 vs 62%), white

matter changes extended to the anterior temporal lobes (93 vs 45%), external capsule involvement (100 vs 50%), and presence of lacunar infarcts (100 vs 65%). The frequency of vascular risk factors was balanced between the 2 groups. No feature was peculiar to either group.\n\nConclusions: Although certain clinical and neuroimaging features are more frequent in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) than in NOTCH3-negative patients, none is pathognomonic. Clinicians should be aware that when diagnosing CADASIL, a number of patients with a cerebral

disease phenotypically similar to CADASIL emerge. The genetic profile of these diseases and the full phenotypic difference with CADASIL remain to be further defined. Neurology (R) 2010;74:57-63″
“Background\n\nThe optimal intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy remains unclear. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to Z-VAD-FMK supplier compare the effect of this therapy, delivered at two different levels of intensity, on 90-day mortality among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.\n\nMethods\n\nWe randomly assigned critically ill adults with acute kidney injury to continuous renal-replacement therapy in the form of postdilution continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration with an effluent flow of either 40 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour (higher intensity) or 25 ml per kilogram per hour (lower intensity). The primary outcome measure was death within 90 days after randomization.\n\nResults\n\nOf the 1508 enrolled patients, 747 were randomly assigned to higher-intensity therapy, and 761 to lower-intensity therapy with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Data on primary outcomes were available for 1464 patients (97.1%): 721 in the higher-intensity group and 743 in the lower-intensity group. The two study groups had similar baseline characteristics and received the study treatment for an average of 6.3 and 5.9 days, respectively (P = 0.35).