Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998, 36 (5) : 258–262.PubMed 37. Mooren FC, Volker K: Molecular and celullar exercise physiology. Champaingn: Human Kinetic; 2005. 38. Cortright RN, Chandler MP, Lemon PW, DiCarlo SE: Daily exercise reduces fat, protein and body mass Selleckchem C646 in male but not female rats. Physiol Behav 1997, 62 (1) : 105–111.PubMedCrossRef 39. Silva AJ, Machado Reis V,

Guidetti L, Bessone Alves F, Mota P, Freitas J, Baldari C: Effect of creatine on swimming velocity, body composition and hydrodynamic variables. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2007, 47 (1) : 58–64.PubMed 40. Jowko E, Ostaszewski P, Jank M, Sacharuk J, Zieniewicz A, Wilczak J, Nissen S: Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program. Nutrition 2001, 17 (7–8) : 558–566.PubMedCrossRef 41. Acheson Nutlin-3a KJ, Gremaud G, Meirim I,

Montigon F, Krebs Y, Fay LB, Gay LJ, Schneiter P, Schindler C, Tappy L: Metabolic effects of caffeine in humans: lipid oxidation or futile cycling? Am J Clin Nut 2004, 79 (1) : 40–46. 42. Greenway FL, De Jonge L, Blanchard D, Frisard M, Smith SR: Effect of a dietary herbal supplement containing caffeine and ephedra on weight, metabolic rate, and body composition. Obes Res 2004, 12 (7) : 1152–1157.PubMedCrossRef 43. Kobayashi-Hattori K, Mogi A, Matsumoto Y, Takita T: Effect of caffeine on the body fat and lipid metabolism of rats fed on a high-fat diet. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 2005, 69 (11) : 2219–2223.PubMedCrossRef 44. Butcher RW, Baird CE, Sutherland EW: Effects of lipolytic and antilipolytic substances on adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate levels in isolated fat cells. J Biol Chem 1968, 243 (8) : 1705–1712.PubMed 45. Thornton MK, Potteiger JA: Effects of resistance exercise bouts of different intensities but equal work on EPOC. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002, 34

(4) : 715–722.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions find more All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. AJN is the principal investigator of the GDC-0449 solubility dmso project. FSCF, NMBC and AJN designed the study; FSCF, SAF and MACJ collected the data; FSCF and AJN conducted data analysis; FSCF and AJN wrote the manuscript.”
“Background Both creatine and caffeine have found common use in sport [1–4] for a variety of training and competitive aims. Popular use of caffeine is often at high concentrations (4-9 mg/kg) on the basis that these are more efficacious, but the proof of this is low with individual variability and consumption habits being the more dominant factors [5, 6].