How TMZ, Ivacaftor cost a systemically administered drug, is able to affect hippocampal theta-band responses is unclear, but could well be through disruptions in neurogenesis (see above). As granule cells in the dentate gyrus are at the forefront of processing signals entering the hippocampal tri-synaptic loop, and processing within the dentate gyrus is based on sparse networks of cells, it seems plausible that even small disruptions

in the structure and functioning of the dentate gyrus could lead to deficits in encoding incoming information. At the network level, this would be reflected in, for example, attenuated theta-band responses, as was the case in our current experiment. Chemotherapy preferentially interferes with complex, hippocampus-dependent learning that requires associations to be formed between related events that do not overlap in time. These deficits are accompanied by decreases in hippocampal theta activity and neurogenesis. Thus, ‘chemobrain’ may be mediated by disruptions in the very neuronal mechanisms that support learning. The authors would like to thank Monica Choksi and Prateek Agarwal for assisting

in gathering the data. This work was supported by the National E7080 clinical trial Institutes of Health (grant nos. MH-59970 and ARRA-3R01MH059970-10S1) mafosfamide and the National Science Foundation (grant nos. IOB-0444364 and IOS-0914386) to T. J. Shors. This work was also supported by grants from the Academy of Finland (grant no. 137783), Emil Aaltonen Foundation, and Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation to M. S. Nokia. Fig. S1. Temozolomide treatment using a dose of 25 mg/kg did not cause weight loss but hindered normal weight gain. Fig. S2. Recording electrodes were placed in the dentate gyrus. “
“The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the afferent

projections to the primary visual cortex in intact and enucleated C57BL/6 mice and in ZRDCT/An anophthalmic mice. Early loss of sensory-driven activity in blind subjects can lead to activations of the primary visual cortex by haptic or auditory stimuli. This intermodal activation following the onset of blindness is believed to arise through either unmasking of already present cortical connections, sprouting of novel cortical connections or enhancement of intermodal cortical connections. Studies in humans have similarly demonstrated heteromodal activation of visual cortex following relatively short periods of blindfolding. This suggests that the primary visual cortex in normal sighted subjects receives afferents, either from multisensory association cortices or from primary sensory cortices dedicated to other modalities.