Figure 2 Field dependence of the analyzed magnetization data for (a) Pr 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 nanoparticles and (b) bulk counterpart [[57]]. The relative history dependence of the magnetization ΔM = (M FC-M ZFC)/M ZFC was measured at 10 K for Pr0.67Ca0.33MnO3 nanoparticles and 5 K for mTOR target bulk counterpart. T irr is the irreversibility temperature; ΔT = T irr - T max is the difference between the irreversibility temperature and the temperature of the maximum ZFC magnetization. M ZFC and M FC at 10 K for Pr0.67Ca0.33MnO3 nanoparticles and 5 K for bulk counterpart. Recently, the EPS in

La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel process was also investigated by electron magnetic resonance (EMR) method [59]. The results showed that all the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles (synthesized with different gelation agents) exhibited the following common features: (i) at the PM region, the EMR line was pure Lorentzian having a g value decreasing with increasing the temperature and g value reached 2 at around 350 K; (ii) when the temperatures are crossing Tc, the EMR lines changed their resonance fields (e.g., lineshapes and linewidths); (iii)

all Selleck AZD5153 samples showed the coexistence of FM and PM signals within a wide temperature range below Tc; and the intensity of PM signal increased gradually as the temperature approached to Tc. The growth of PM phase was accompanied by a consequent decrease of FM signal intensity. Besides

these common features, the EMR spectra of the measured samples also show several significant differences, which Rabusertib allow ones to investigate the origin of PS in these samples. It was found that the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles synthesized with different gelation agents in sol–gel process exhibited different magnetic behaviors, and a sharp FM-PM transition was observed in the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles synthesized with a combined agent of urea and trisodium citrate. These results also demonstrate that the synthesis conditions of perovskite manganite nanoparticles have an important role in their microstructure, magnetic properties, and phase separation behavior. EPS in manganite nanowires/nanotubes One-dimensional manganite nanostructures that include nanowires, nanorods, and nanotubes have attracted rapidly Orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase growing interest due to their fascinating electrical and magneto-transport properties. They are emerging as important building blocks serving as interconnects and active components in nanoscale electronic, magnetic, and spintronic devices. It is expected that the manganite nanowires will exhibit an emerging magnetic and transport behaviors associated the EPS due to the strong electronic correlation under a spatial confinement in the case of nanowires [35]. Recently, theoretical calculations using the FM Kondo Hamiltonian have predicted that the intrinsic EPS persists in one-dimensional manganite nanostructures [60].