At later time points apoptosis appeared increased, suggesting a biphasic effect of CRF on apoptosis. 3. CRF promotes the motility of MCF7 cells Increase in cell motility has an impact on the metastatic potential of cancer cells. then We, therefore, tested whether CRF could increase motility of MCF7 cells, a cell line with low metastatic potential. To this end we performed a wound healing Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries assay in MCF7 cells, in which a line was formed by scratching the cell monolayer with a tip. In this model the gap is mainly covered by cells that move to close it rather than cells that proliferate, at least at the early time points when cells do not have enough time to prolif erate. At the 24 hour time point the result is a combina tion of proliferation and motility.

The size of the gap was measured at different time points following stimulation using Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries specialized Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries software. Cells were treated with CRF at time 0 and were compared to vehicle only treated cells at for the same period. Results are presented as % of the dis tance that remained open at that particular time point. Hence, at 12 hours 75. 08 1. 57% of the initial gap was still open in control, vehicle treated cells, while 56. 93 1. 17% of the gap was still open in CRF treated cells. At 24 hours 55. 42 0. 65% was still open in control cells while only 40. 75 0. 35% of the gap was still uncov ered in CRF treated cells, suggesting that CRF promoted their motility. Given the fact that CRF reduced cell prolif eration and apoptosis was not evident at 24 hours follow ing stimulation, the results suggest that CRF stimulated motility that resulted in faster closure Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of the gap.

The histograms represent the average of four inde pendent experiments. 4. CRF induced MCF7 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries cell invasion through extracellular matrix Invasion through the extracellular matrix is a pre requisite for tumor metastasis. Since we found that CRF increased cell motility we further investigated whether it promoted invasiveness through extracellular matrix. MCF7 cells were plated on an ECM layer on a Boyden Chamber in the presence or absence of CRF and migration of cells through ECM was evaluated. As shown in Figure 4, incubation of MCF7 with CRF augmented the invasion of the cells through ECM. Moreover, the CRF1 antagonist, a helical CRF abrogated the effect of CRF, while the CRF2 antagonist asstressin 2B had no effect. 5.

CRF promoted actin cytoskeleton reorganization in MCF7 cells To determine the potential mechanism involved in CRF induced motility and invasiveness we examined the effect of CRF on actin polymerization selleck kinase inhibitor dynamics. Actin a major cytoskeletal component in eukaryotic cells occurs in two forms, the globular or G actin, which polymerizes into the filamentous or F actin. Filamentous actin is the major component of microfilaments, present in filipodia and lamellipodia, which are reported to facilitate cell migra tion.