aegypti mosquito population life span, thereby reducing pathogen transmission without eradicating mosquito populations [2]. Furthermore, Seliciclib cell line studies involving the effect of midgut bacterial flora have indicated that the incorporation of the Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates in the mosquito blood meal resulted in an increased vector load of parasite of Culex quinquefasciatus towards virus infections [44]. It has also been shown in lab-reared Drosophila melanogaster that genetic differences promote pathological gut bacterial assemblages, reducing host survival. There results imply that

induced antimicrobial compounds function primarily to protect the insect against the bacteria that persist H 89 price within their body, rather than to clear microbial infections and thus they directly benefit the insect survival [45]. Malaria-mosquito combination is believed to have been around for thousands of years. It is likely that acquired microflora permitted the maintenance of parasite in mosquito. The microbes could be benefiting mosquito by protecting against pathogenic bacteria or lowering

the innate immunity of mosquito against parasite. It has been reported that reduction in the normal bacterial flora in the mosquito midgut increases Plasmodium falciparum infection rates in experimentally infected Anopheles mosquitoes [41]. Interactions between midgut bacteria and malaria parasites in wild mosquito populations could explain how the vector potential for malaria parasite transmission is modulated/influenced by environmental factors such as acquisition of different types of bacteria. The results obtained from our study and from view of previous studies it is indicated that colonization of bacteria in mosquitoes occurs early during their development. It is reasonable to assume that infection of mosquitoes occurs by acquisition of different bacterial species from the environment. The midgut bacterial infection in mosquito field-populations may influence P. vivax transmission and could contribute to understanding variations in malaria

incidence observed in different area. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt of comparative cataloguing the midgut microbiota of mafosfamide a parasite transmitting vector A. stephensi from lab-reared and field- collected adult and larvae using “”culture-dependent and independent methods”". Most of the previous studies of midgut flora of Anopheles mosquitoes exclusively utilized culture-dependent methods for screening. By including culture-independent method, we obtained a broader picture of the mosquito midgut flora. These microbes represent a potential resource that could be employed in mechanisms to interfere with mosquito vector development and in interrupting parasite development. Conclusion This work demonstrates that the microbial flora of larvae and adult A.