18 Interface

hepatitis was graded as none, minimal, mild, moderate, and severe interface hepatitis and fibrosis stage as no fibrosis, to portal, periportal, bridging, and cirrhosis. Additionally, perivenular (zone 3) necrosis and confluent necrosis were evaluated in the biopsy materials review. The new simplified score was calculated. Histological features were considered typical, compatible, or atypical according to Hennes et al.17 The biopsy was considered typical if the biopsy demonstrated interface hepatitis with a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate extending from the portal areas into the lobular parenchyma with associated rosette formation. The biopsy was considered compatible Fulvestrant price if the biopsy revealed features of chronic hepatitis without all of the typical

features listed. Additionally, the designation of atypical was applied if the biopsy demonstrated distinct features of different diagnosis. In medical records with lack of information about the IgG levels, we used the gamma-globulin level for calculation. Because obvious imaging abnormalities were seen in selleck products most of the nitrofurantoin cases (none in the minocycline cases), we compared the appearance of the liver on imaging between these patients and other AIH patients. We matched three AIH patients for sex and age (±5 years of age) with each nitrofurantoin patient (33 versus 11) for this purpose and analyzed results of imaging between the two groups. The type of immunosuppressive learn more treatment and its duration was recorded. Information on whether immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued during follow-up and the results of the discontinuation were obtained. Discontinuation was considered successful if no relapse was observed biochemically or histologically in patients with at least 12 months of follow-up. Biochemical remission was

defined as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase values that were less than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal. The date of last follow-up was recorded, and the duration of follow-up was calculated. Complications of liver disease, clinical cirrhosis, ascites, esophageal or gastric varices, need for liver transplantation, and death were obtained. Response to therapy at 1 to 2 weeks and 2, 6, and 12 months as well as at last follow-up was determined. Continuous variables are presented as medians and interquartile range. Dichotomous variables were compared using the Fischer exact test, and the Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables. All tests were two-tailed and conducted at a 5% level of significance. A total of 261 well-characterized AIH cases were identified with the available clinical, laboratory, and histological data required for diagnosis according to the new simplified criteria.