53 NP 100.78 ± 30.17 -0.1 0.88 Cholesterol: HDL Ratio 3.91 ± 1.15 NP 3.85 ± 1.24 -1.5 3.67 ± 1.16 NP 3.87 ± 1.44 1.2 0.15 TAG (mg/dL) 118.44 ± 40.42 NP 99.59 ± 44.77 -15.9 120.22 ± 67.45 NP 117.06 ± 63.39 -2.6 0.07 Glucose (mg/dL) 89.81 ± 8.04 NP 92.67 ± 7.74 3.2 90.56 ± 8.3 NP 94.56 ± 13.82 4.4 0.60 Adiponectin (pg/mL) 10.20 ± 0.81 10.16 ± 0.74 9.93 ± 0.76 -0.2 10.17 ± 8.80 10.05 ± 0.80 10.04 ± 0.83 -0.3 0.47, 0.15 Resistin (pg/mL) 82.74 ± 38.47 81.65 ± 36.72 69.63 ± 26.04 -15.8 86.77 ± 50.18 68.38 ± 32.11 81.57 ± 46.75 -5.9 0.08, 0.26 Leptin (pg/mL) 8.99 ± 0.88 8.93 ± 0.94 8.729 ± 1.25 -3.0 8.85 ± 1.09 8.36 ± 1.07 8.76 ± 1.25 -3.0 0.03*, 0.5 lL-6 (pg/mL) 0.45 ±0.83 0.37 ± 0.56 0.34 ± 0.94 -24.5 0.45 ± 1.22

0.38 ± 0.82 selleckchem 0.38 ± 1.44 -14.8 0.97, 0.89 TNF-α (pg/mL) 1.71 ± 1.16 1.45 ± 1.04 1.58 ± 1.08 -7.6 1.35 ± 1.82 1.53 ± 1.67 1.19 ± 1.25

-11.7 0.41, 0.49 Values are mean ± SD. 1P values are for the differences between the two groups, METABO versus placebo at week 4 and week 8, respectively. No significant differences between the week 8 time points were noted using ANCOVA (where the week 0 time points ABT-888 research buy were used as the covariate). *Significant Cell Cycle inhibitor difference at the week 4 mid time point for Leptin using ANCOVA. NP: not performed; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; TAG: triacylglycerols; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α. Concentrations of adipokine levels from week 0 to week 8 are also presented in Table  4. Serum leptin concentrations were not significantly different between the two

groups from week 0 to week 8 but elevated serum concentrations of leptin were observed from week 0 to week 4 in METABO (p < 0.03) versus the placebo group. Resistin concentrations were normal in both groups and no significant treatment effects were observed, however decreased serum resistin concentrations from week 0 to week 4 approached significance (p < 0.08) for METABO. From week 0 to week 8 there were no differences in serum concentrations of adiponectin (p < 0.15), IL-6 (p < 0.89), or TNF-α (p < Endonuclease 0.49) noted between groups. Energy levels and food cravings Energy and food craving analyses from week 0 to week 8 are summarized in Table  5. Subjects who received METABO exhibited a statistically significant increase in relative energy levels (+ 29.3% versus +5.1%, respectively; p < 0.02, Figure  8). Subjects who received METABO also exhibited a statistically significant decrease in relative fats cravings compared to the placebo group (-13.9% versus -0.9%, respectively; p < 0.03, Figure  9).