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“Key Points Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications may be subject to abuse, misuse, and diversion. We found that overlapping prescriptions from two or more prescribers dispensed by three or more pharmacies defines ADHD medication shopping. 1 Introduction Medications for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are subject to misuse, abuse, and diversion [1–3]. The non-medical use of ADHD medications in high-school-age children in the US is estimated at around 9 %, and in college-age individuals goes from 5 to 35 % [1].