They found that a simple model consisting of age and prior fractures performed as well as FRAX® and the Garvan calculator when BMD was unknown. As in our study, they based assessment on self-reported clinical risk factors; however, they used self-reported incident fractures during 2 years of follow-up while we collected fracture data from national registers. We invited participants from

a random selection in the general population and had a high responder rate (84%). In contrast, the GLOW study group acknowledged that their sample was prone to bias due to the selection of physicians and due to the sampling and recruitment of patients [36]. Also, their model

(with age and prior fracture) was not validated in independent populations. Several other studies have also compared PD0325901 price FRAX® with other more elaborate tools such as the QFracture algorithm [34] and the Garvan calculator [33] and [37] Selleck SCH900776 arriving to the same conclusions as the studies mentioned above. In our study, agreement between the tools with regard to categorizing women into quartiles of risk for major osteoporotic fracture was moderate. However, agreement between the tools in identifying women at the highest quartile of risk for major osteoporotic fracture was high. Approximately 80% of the women classified in the highest risk quartiles by FRAX® were also categorized as highest risk by all the other tools. Sambrook et al. [36] came to a similar conclusion in the GLOW study and our research supports that if women were selected for treatment based on being in the highest quartile of risk, virtually the same women would meet the threshold for treatment regardless of the tool Selleck Enzalutamide used. FRAX® is the most complex tool in this study and incorporate 11 risk factors in the algorithm (and may in addition include BMD), whereas the simpler tools only incorporated

between 2 and 6 risk factors (Table 1). All the tools included age and BMI. Additional variables did not appear to improve the performance of the tools. Both age and BMI are associated with fracture risk, however, age is the strongest risk factor [1]. Our study also showed that even age alone performed as well as the FRAX® tool without BMD. Kanis et al. [23] recently discussed potential pitfalls in external validation of FRAX®. Several studies [33], [35], [38], [39] and [40] compared the AUC of ROC curves across studies. In the present study we compared the AUC of the different predefined tools within the same well defined study population.