Access to a helicopter ambulance in crowded cities was also regarded as necessary. Both these last two suggestions are currently being implemented in many cities and need to be expanded. (EMS/2) Should a system be formulated to do the tasks of police, firefighters, medical staff and rescue teams, all together, (if so) the provision of services would be much better… Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (FF) if

emergency services can have a single emergency number for all calls, it could ease coordination and speed up arrival on the crash scene. Infrastructure improvement (Suggestions for improvements to infrastructure were put forward but as part of a long-term strategy. These included Palbociclib price better urban infrastructure including establishment of GPS and better telecommunications, including an improved emergency Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical telephone service. Discussion

The aims of PCM are to avoid preventable death and disability, to limit the severity of injury and the suffering caused by it, and to ensure the crash survivor’s best possible recovery and reintegration into society [1]. Conducted in the Iranian Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical context, our study highlights significant barriers to the achievement of those aims, including laypeople’s involvement (in particular in urban settings), suboptimal pre-hospital services and poor coordination among organizations. Untrained laypeople’s involvement – education One of the most common issues raised in relation to PCM was the interaction of untrained laypeople and their lack of knowledge and skills in handling the situation in general; and the victims in particular. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) [39], the role of laypeople who are present at a crash scene should be: to contact the emergency services; Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical help to put out fires; and take action Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to secure the crash scene (e.g. preventing further crashes, preventing harm to rescuers and bystanders, controlling the crowd of onlookers, and applying first aid). It seems that some – but not all – of these WHO recommendations are not fully followed in the study area. More specifically,

laypeople extricate medroxyprogesterone – or try to extricate – victims instead of taking action to secure the scene. This might be related in part to the sense of haste and urgency that they also have reported, but also to the late arrival of the emergency services at the scene, which has an adverse effect on the management of the crash scene. This, in turn, calls for better public information concerning what should preferably be done by laypeople at the crash scene (including calling the emergency service, and not moving any victims unless trained in doing so). Such information should also point out the important role that trained laypeople can play when, among other things, applying first aid e.g., checking the victims’ airways, bleeding and circulation [40], and being involved in the scene management.