6% and HSP coverage of 64.4%. (Note that the Greengenes database uses the INSDC (= EMBL/NCBI/DDBJ) annotation, which is not an authoritative source for nomenclature or classification.) The highest-scoring environmental sequence was “type”:”entrez-nucleotide”,”attrs”:”text”:”AF068800″,”term_id”:”7555793″,”term_text”:”AF068800″AF068800 selleck kinase inhibitor (‘hydrothermal vent clone VC2.1Bac24′), which showed an identity of 99.7% and an HSP coverage of 92.7%. The most frequently occurring keywords within the labels of all environmental samples which yielded hits were ‘hydrotherm’ (5.4%), ‘vent’ (4.9%), ‘microbi’ (3.6%), ‘water’ (2.9%) and ‘deep’ (2.0%) (167 hits in total). The most frequently occurring keyword within the labels of those environmental samples which yielded hits of a higher score than the highest scoring species was ‘hydrotherm, vent’ (50.

0%) (1 hit in total). Figure 1 shows the phylogenetic neighborhood of D. thermolithotrophum BSAT in a 16S rRNA based tree. The sequences of the two identical 16S rRNA gene copies in the genome differ by two nucleotides from the previously published 16S rRNA sequence (“type”:”entrez-nucleotide”,”attrs”:”text”:”AJ001049″,”term_id”:”3063765″,”term_text”:”AJ001049″AJ001049). Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of D. thermolithotrophum relative to the type strains of the other species within the order Aquificales. The tree was inferred from 1,422 aligned characters [7,8] of the 16S rRNA gene sequence under the maximum … Table 1 Classification and general D. thermolithotrophum BSAT in accordance with the MIGS recommendations [18] and the NamesforLife database [19].

The cells of strain BSAT are small rods, about 1-2 ��m long and 0.4-0-5 ��m wide and occur singly or in pairs (Figure 2) [1]. Cells stain Gram-negative and are motile via three polar flagella; spores are not produced [1]. Strain BSAT grows between 40 and 75��C with an optimum around 70��C, while no growth is detected at 37 or 80��C after 48 h incubation [1]. Growth occurs between pH 4.4 and 8, with an optimum around AV-951 pH 6.25. No growth is detected at pH 3.7 or 8.5 after 48h incubation at 70��C [1]. Growth is observed in sea salts at concentrations ranging from 15 to 70g/l, with an optimum of approximately 35g/l (corresponding to 23 g NaCl/l [1]). No growth was observed in sea salts at concentrations of 10 and 80 g/l after 48 h incubation at 70��C [1]. Under optimal growth conditions (temperature, pH and NaCl), the doubling time of strain BSAT is around 135 min [1]. Strain BSAT is a strictly anaerobic chemolithotrophic organism that uses sulfur as an electron acceptor in the presence of H+ for growth [1]. It utilizes thiosulfate, sulfite and polysulfides as alternative electron acceptors with H2 as an electron donor.